Formulate historical questions based on primary and secondary sources, including documents, eyewitness accounts, letters and diaries, artifacts, real or simulated historical sites, charts, graphs, diagrams and written texts

Gather information from multiple sources, including archives or electronic databases, to have experience with historical sources and to appreciate the need for multiple perspectives

Distinguish between primary and secondary sources

Standard 2

Demonstrate an in-depth understanding of major events and trends of United States history (e.g., the American Revolution, the Civil War, industrialization, the Great Depression, the Cold War)

Locate the events, peoples and places they [students] have studied in time and place (e.g., on a timeline and map) relative to their own location

Explain the relationships among the events and trends studies in local, state, national and world history

Standard 3

Explain how roles and status of people have differed and changed throughout history based on gender, age, class, racial and ethnic identity, wealth, and/or social position

Describe examples of how societies throughout history have used various forms of visual arts, dance, theater, myths, literature and music to express their beliefs, sense of identity and philosophical ideas

Explain how economic factors influenced historical events in the United States and other regions of the world

Standard 4

Initiate questions and hypotheses about historic events being studied

Be active learners at cultural institutions such as museums and historical exhibitions

Describe relationships between historical subject matter and other subjects they study, current issues and personal concerns

Standard 5

Explain how the Constitution divides the power of government among the executive, legislative and judicial branches, and how each branch can check the power of another

Explain how and why powers are distributed among the national, state and local governments

Describe how the pubic agenda is shaped by political leaders and parties, interest groups, the media, public opinion, state and federal courts, and individual citizens

Standard 6

Explain the meaning of political rights (e.g., right to vote, right to assemble) as distinguished from personal rights (e.g., freedom of speech, freedom of movement)

Evaluate situations involving conflicts between rights and propose solutions to these conflicts

Research an issue of interest and be able to take and defend a position on that issue

Standard 7

Describe and compare unlimited and limited government

Explain the meaning of civic life, politics, and government

Compare and evaluate forms of government found outside the United States

Standard 8

Describe the organization of the world into nation-states and describe some ways that nation-states and describe some ways that nation-states interact with one another

Describe the influence of U. S. political, economic and cultural ideas on other nations and the influence of other nations’ ideas on the United States

Describe the roles of the three branches of U. S. government in developing and conducting foreign policy

Standard 9

Describe human and natural characteristics of places and how they shape or place identity

Identify and evaluate various perspectives associated with places and regions

Locate natural and cultural features in their own and nearby communities, in the United States and in other regions of the world, as needed, to answer geographic questions

Standard 10

Understand how concepts of physical geography can be applied to explain natural processes

Understand and apply how natural processes influence the formation and location of resources

Use basic climatic and other physical data to understand how natural processes shape environment patterns

Standard 11

Explain the patterns and characteristics of human migrations at various levels

Analyze the formation, characteristics and functions of urban, suburban and rural settlements

Identify processes that divide Earth’s surface into different political and economic units from local to international levels

Standard 12

Make maps, globes, models, charts, and geographic databases

Describe human and natural characteristics of places and how they shape or place identity

Standard 13

Compare the resources used by various cultures, countries, and /or regions throughout the world

Present historical and current controversies about the use of resources

Standard 14

Explain that all countries’ economies reflect a mix of market, command and traditional elements

Describe the relationships among demand, supply and price and their roles in a market system

Standard 15

Explain how specialization leads to more efficient use of economic resources and economic growth